Video Connector Types: A Complete Guide

Understanding video interfaces or video connector types may sound technical, but it's the key to connecting your devices to different displays. Knowing these port types makes it easy for you to find the right cable or accessory you need to bridge the gap between your device and monitor. This guide walks you through the most common video connector types, how they work, and practical tips to help you select the best option for your needs.

Common Video Connector Types and Their Uses

Video connector types have been developed over the years. Each type serves a specific purpose and offers varying levels of quality and compatibility. Below are the most commonly used video interfaces you will encounter.

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)

HDMI is a widely used video and audio connector that transmits high-definition digital signals through a single cable. You will use HDMI when connecting your laptop to an external monitor or a TV for streaming, presentations, or gaming.

It supports features such as 4K and 8K resolution, 3D, Ethernet, ARC (Audio Return Channel), and HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection), depending on the HDMI version.

The video cable types for HDMI include Standard HDMI, High-Speed HDMI, and Ultra High-Speed HDMI. These come in three connector sizes: Type A, Type C, and Type D. Depending on your device and resolution needs, you may need a specific HDMI version, such as HDMI 2.0 for 4K or HDMI 2.1 for 8K and high refresh rates.

DisplayPort

DisplayPort is commonly used in desktop PCs. It offers high bandwidth and supports features like adaptive sync, multi-stream transport (MST), and high refresh rates, making it a favorite among gamers and video editors. Unlike other computer video connector types, like HDMI, DisplayPort is primarily designed for computer displays rather than home theater systems.

You will typically use DisplayPort when connecting a high-resolution or high-refresh-rate monitor to your desktop graphics card. It also supports daisy-chaining multiple monitors through a single connection if both your monitor and GPU support MST. DisplayPort is also gaining popularity in USB-C docking stations and business laptops for external display connectivity.

The video cable types for DisplayPort include standard DisplayPort to DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort to DisplayPort, and USB-C to DisplayPort cables. DisplayPort 1.4 supports 8K resolution, while DisplayPort 2.0 offers even greater bandwidth for next-gen monitors. When using adapters, the cable should support the display resolution and refresh rate you need.

USB-C

USB-C is a modern, versatile connector that supports data transfer, charging, and video output—if the port is equipped with DisplayPort Alternate Mode. Not all USB-C ports support video, so it's important to check your device's specs before relying on it for external display connections. USB-C simplifies setups because it can handle multiple functions with a single compact cable.

You will use USB-C when connecting newer laptops, tablets, or smartphones to external monitors, especially when you're aiming for a cleaner desk setup with fewer cables. USB-C is also common in docking stations, allowing you to connect multiple displays with just one cable. Many portable monitors and newer business displays now support video input through USB-C.

The video cable types for USB-C include USB-C to HDMI, USB-C to DisplayPort, and USB-C to USB-C video cables. These cables can support resolutions from 1080p to 8K, depending on the devices and cable specifications. It's essential to choose certified cables that explicitly support video output for best performance.

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

DVI is a legacy digital connector that was widely used in desktop computers and monitors during the 2000s. It supports digital video signals and, in some versions, analog signals as well. While it lacks audio transmission, DVI still provides good image quality for basic computing tasks. It has a bulky connector and requires screws to stay in place, which makes it durable but not convenient.

You will encounter DVI when connecting older desktop towers to external monitors. It's still used in some business environments and in budget setups where high resolutions or audio transmission aren't required. Though newer systems are moving away from DVI, it remains useful when repurposing older hardware.

The video cable types for DVI include DVI-D (digital only), DVI-A (analog only), and DVI-I (integrated analog and digital). These cables can be single-link or dual-link, with dual-link DVI supporting higher resolutions up to 2560x1600. DVI-to-HDMI adapters are also available, but they only support video, not audio.

VGA (Video Graphics Array)

VGA is an analog video connector that was once standard on monitors, projectors, and computers. It's easily identified by its 15-pin blue connector and screw-in design. VGA does not carry audio and is limited in video quality compared to digital alternatives. It's not recommended for modern use unless you have no other option.

You will mostly use VGA when connecting to older projectors or legacy computer monitors that haven't transitioned to digital inputs. In schools, libraries, and legacy business environments, VGA may still be in use due to older equipment. However, it's becoming rare in modern consumer electronics.

The video cable types for VGA include VGA to VGA and VGA to HDMI with a converter, but image quality degrades at higher resolutions. VGA is typically limited to 1080p or lower and may suffer from signal interference. While still functional, it's best to upgrade to digital connectors whenever possible.

RCA Connectors

RCA connectors are analog interfaces historically used in home entertainment equipment like TVs, DVD players, camcorders, and game consoles. Composite video uses a single yellow plug for video, while component video uses red, green, and blue plugs for improved picture quality. Red and white plugs are used for stereo audio.

While outdated for modern setups, RCA remains useful for digitizing old media or connecting to AV capture devices. The video cable types for RCA include composite (yellow for video only) and component (RGB for higher-quality video). These cables don't support HDCP or modern high-definition signals, so they're limited to standard definition or 1080. Adapters are available, but they often require signal conversion to connect to digital displays.

Thunderbolt

Developed by Intel in collaboration with Apple, Thunderbolt is a high-speed interface that uses the USB-C connector in its third and fourth versions. Thunderbolt 3 and 4 support video, data transfer, power delivery, and external GPU connectivity over a single cable, making them ideal for professional and high-performance setups.

You'll typically use Thunderbolt to connect MacBooks or high-end Windows laptops to 4K or 8K displays, especially in workstations and creative environments. It's also commonly used with docking stations to connect displays, peripherals, and power through one port. While Thunderbolt is backward compatible with USB-C, not all USB-C ports support Thunderbolt features.

Video cable options include Thunderbolt 3 and 4 cables (certified and labeled), as well as USB-C to DisplayPort or HDMI adapters that support Thunderbolt video output. For high resolutions or long cable runs, active cables are recommended.

Practical Tips for Choosing the Right Video Cable Types

At this point, you now know what are the different types of video connectors. It's time to think about the video cable type you need to connect your device and display. Here are practical tips to help you choose the right cable you need:

1. Know the Ports on Your Devices

Identify the ports of your devices and your monitor. If the ports don't match, you need an adapter to bridge the connection. For example, if your laptop doesn't have an HDMI port and your TV only accepts HDMI, you can connect an adapter like the Anker 310 USB-C Adapter (4K HDMI) to your laptop before connecting the HDMI cable.

2. Match the Resolution and Refresh Rate

Not all video connector types support the same level of display performance. If you're using a high-end TV with 8K resolution, choose the latest HDMI cables to prevent poor video and audio delivery. If you're using a high-end 8K cable, use adapters like the Anker 518 USB-C Adapter (8K HDMI) to match your cable quality.

3. Consider Cable Length and Signal Strength

Longer cables often lead to signal degradation, especially with analog connections like VGA or when transmitting 4K video over HDMI. If your setup requires a long run, like from a media server to a wall-mounted TV, look for active cables or signal boosters that maintain quality over distance. For most home or office setups, keeping cables under 6 feet ensures stable performance.

4. Don't Overlook Audio Support

Not all video cables carry audio. HDMI and DisplayPort support both audio and video through a single connection, which is ideal for entertainment setups. However, older cables like VGA and DVI do not carry audio, and you need a separate audio cable in those cases. Make sure your setup supports the full multimedia experience you want, especially if you're using external speakers.

5. Plan for Future Compatibility

Technology moves quickly, so it helps to choose cables and accessories that support the latest standards. For example, HDMI 2.1 or DisplayPort 2.0 offer high-bandwidth content like 8K video or high refresh rate gaming. If you're investing in new displays or workstations, opt for cables that will remain compatible as your devices evolve.

Conclusion

Video connector types may seem overwhelming at first, but understanding what each one does and when to use it empowers you to make informed decisions, ensuring high-quality video and audio transmission. It can save you time, money, and frustration. It also helps you select the right video cable to bridge the gap between your device and display. With the right knowledge and tools, including HDMI adapters, you can always select the best solution for your setup.

FAQs

What are the different types of video connectors?

The most common types include HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-C, DVI, VGA, RCA, and Thunderbolt. Each has its own advantages and ideal use cases depending on your devices and needs.

What looks like HDMI but not HDMI?

DisplayPort can resemble HDMI due to its similar shape, but it typically includes a locking mechanism and offers different technical capabilities. USB-C with a video adapter can also output HDMI signals and might look similar with the right converter.

What are the 3 video output connectors?

The three most common video output connectors today are HDMI, DisplayPort, and USB-C. These support high resolutions and refresh rates for modern devices.

What's the difference between DisplayPort and HDMI?

DisplayPort generally supports higher resolutions and refresh rates compared to HDMI, especially in gaming and professional environments. HDMI, however, is more widely used in TVs and home entertainment systems and supports audio natively.